The Principle And Characteristics Of Air Compressor Operation

1. The principle of air compressor operation
Air compressors use air as the raw material for production, and there are generally two types of intake methods: indoor and outdoor centralized intake. Outdoor centralized air intake is not affected by indoor oil and gas, which can reduce the impact on indoor air and facilitate centralized pre filtration treatment. However, the initial investment is relatively large, and there is resistance loss during transportation. Relatively speaking, the outdoor centralized air intake method can reduce power consumption and extend the lifespan of the filter element.
Whether the air compressor is a single-stage or multi-stage compressor, its operating efficiency is affected by the inter stage and exhaust temperature. One of the functions of the air compressor cooler is to improve the compression efficiency of the air compressor and correspondingly reduce power consumption. Usually, if the exhaust temperature drops by 10 ℃, the power consumption will decrease by 3%. Temperature control is mainly carried out during the high temperature season by comprehensively inspecting and maintaining the cooling system of the air compressor, supplementing lubricating fluid, cleaning and replacing the cooler, and controlling the temperature within the required range to stabilize the operating status of the air compressor, ensuring reasonable operating efficiency and power consumption.
There is an inevitable pressure drop in the transmission of air compressors, and controlling the pressure drop can achieve the goal of energy conservation and consumption reduction. When the pressure drop increases, the air compressor needs to do more work to meet the pressure requirements. Usually, when the pressure drop increases by 0.01 MPa, the power consumption will increase by 0.3%, or even reach 0.5%. Filters, oil separators, and dryers are the main parts that cause an increase in pressure drop. Timely maintenance, replacement, and cleaning of air channels can effectively control pressure drop. The transmission of air compressors inevitably experiences pressure drop, and controlling pressure drop can achieve the goal of energy conservation and consumption reduction.
2. The characteristics of air compressor operation regulation
Usually, the design or selection of the air compressor model is based on the maximum load conditions, with a certain margin left. In actual operation, due to the constantly changing load at the gas consumption end, it is necessary to adjust the gas supply accordingly. The commonly used control method is loading/unloading, which is suitable for working conditions where the air compressor displacement does not match the actual demand despite continuous gas consumption, and can avoid frequent starting and stopping of the air compressor.
Under the loading/unloading control mode, the air compressor has three operating states: when the gas supply is not greater than the gas consumption, the exhaust outlet pressure of the air compressor is lower than the extreme value of the pressure detection switch, and it is in full load operation; When the gas supply exceeds the gas consumption, when the exhaust outlet pressure of the air compressor exceeds the upper limit value of the detection switch, close the inlet valve and enter the unloading operation; As the unloading operation time increases, the pressure continuously decreases. After the exhaust outlet pressure of the air compressor is lower than the lower limit value of the detection switch, open the inlet valve and enter the loading operation. The intermittent operation of the air compressor between three states not only wastes energy, but also affects the quality of gas supply.